Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchus (bronchus) (airways into the lungs).Bronchitis usually mild and will eventually recover completely. But in patients who have chronic illnesses (eg heart disease or lung disease) and in the elderly, bronchitis can be serious.
CauseInfectious bronchitis caused by viruses, bacteria and organisms that resemble bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia)
Recurrent bronchitis attacks can occur in smokers and people with lung disease and chronic respiratory tract. Recurrent infections can result from:
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Allergy
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children.
Irritating bronchitis can be caused by:
Various types of dust
Fumes from strong acids, ammonia, some organic solvents, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and bromine
Air pollution that causes irritation of ozone and nitrogen dioxide
Tobacco and other cigarette.
SymptomSymptoms include:
cough up phlegm (sputum can be reddish)
shortness of breath during exercise or mild activity
frequent respiratory infections (eg flu)
asthma
tired
swelling of ankles, feet and legs left and right
face, palms or reddish mucous membranes
cheeks look red
headache
visual impairment.
Infectious bronchitis often begins with symptoms such as runny nose, ie runny nose, fatigue, chills, backache, muscle aches, mild fever and sore throat.
Coughing is usually the sign of the start of bronchitis. At first did not cough up phlegm, but 1-2 days later will issue a white or yellow sputum. Sputum will grow much further, yellow or green.
In the severe bronchitis, after most of the other symptoms improved, sometimes there is a high fever for 3-5 days and the cough may persist for several weeks.
Shortness of breath occurs when the airway is blocked. Often found wheezing breath sounds, especially after coughing. Pneumonia can occur.
DiagnosisDiagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, especially the presence of mucus. On examination with a stethoscope will hear crackles or abnormal breath sounds.
Other tests are performed:
Lung function tests
Arterial blood gas
Chest X-rays.
TreatmentTo reduce fever and malaise, the adult bronchitis patients could be given aspirin or acetaminophen; to children should be given only acetaminophen. It is advisable to rest and drink plenty of fluids.
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